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NREF/Biomet Microfixation Young Clinician Investigator Award Jonathan Miller, MD Case Western Reserve Evaluation of six degree-of-freedom control of a virtual upper extremity neuroprosthetic via intracortical vs. surface ECoG electrodes Assistive robots and implanted peripheral nerve stimulators can now restore reach and grasp to people with high tetraplegia. In this study, neural signals recorded from either intracortical microelectrodes implanted in the motor cortex or from less invasive electrodes placed on the brain surface will be used to determine how well monkeys can use each type of recorded signal to control a virtual arm with six degrees of freedom. If successful, this strategy could allow a severely paralyzed person to regain independence by controlling a robotic or paralyzed arm just by thinking of doing so.